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Memorandum of association and article of association considered as a constitutional document to establish a new company. The terms of Company Commercial Law royal decree No.18/2019 helps in constituting the article of association of a company.

The article of association is a document that specifies the regulation for a company’s operations where it serves a variety of purposes. It states the company’s purposes and how it supposed to accomplish tasks.  Such as, appointing a new director and handing the financial records. Moreover, it details how a company issue stock shares, pay dividends, audits financial records and voting rights. On the other hand, equally it works as a contract for shareholders to comply with the company regulation where shareholders also can use it as a guidance to interact with the board of directors.   

Unlike memorandum of association, article of association is public document and will be furnish to the agencies whenever ask for. In the meanwhile, if shareholder resolve not to disclose any information in their company’s article of association, they can sign a separate shareholder agreement.

 

The articles of association will usually specify the way a company issues shares, distributes dividends, and performs financial records. The article of association is focused on giving the reader the information about the methods a company uses to achieve its daily, monthly, and yearly goals.

The articles of association are relatively similar in any part of the world, even though the exact terms and items vary across jurisdictions. In general, it includes the following:

 

          The components of the article of association are explained further below.

 

 

 

Here, the approved and fully subscribed capital of the company, the percentage of owners, and everything related to shares. For instance, transferring and termination of shares, profit, increasing and reducing the company's capital also assigning shares to partners, evaluation of the contributions and shareholder’s shares disposal shall be deeply explained and clarified with the specified periods which included in commercial company law.

 

 

In this section, notices, resolution, votes, and subsequent annual general meeting are listed. For example, a limited liability company shall convene a shareholders’ meeting at least once a year within. According to “Article 282” the company’s managers may convene a shareholders’ meeting at any time and they shall convene a shareholders’ meeting when the law or the Constitutive Documents so require, or pursuant to a request of one or more shareholders who represent at least one fifth of the company’s share capital and publish the notice pursuant to the provisions of this Law. Whereas, If the managers fail to convene the shareholders’ meeting, any shareholder shall be entitled to request the competent court to appoint a person to convene the shareholders’ meeting and prepare its agenda.

 

 

In this section, the powers of the company’s partners are determined, including the delegation of powers to the directors as per company’s requirements and according to what determined by the law. Such as, election, appointing and removal of directors, specify all rights and privileges and licensing and giving powers.

 

 

Auditing of accounts, appointment of auditors is discussed in this part of the Articles of Association. A limited liability company shall have an auditor to be appointed by the shareholders’ meeting for one financial year. Appointment of the company’s auditors and determination of the periods of their work, their rights, duties, authorities, and liabilities shall be justified in this section.

 

 

In this section, cases in which companies are liquidated and dissolved are discussed, depending on the type of company. For example, LLC May be dissolved for reasons specified in the Constitutive Contract or as otherwise provided by law. May be dissolved at any time by a favourable vote of partners representing three quarters of the capital.

 

The following entities required to have their own article of association:

 

It is always advisable to the companies based in Oman to have their article of association drafted by corporate lawyers so as to avoid disputes among the shareholders/partners.